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Thermoelectrial refrigeration and heating
TEMPERATURES |
In the latter case of thermoelectric cooling, the inverse of the Seebeck effect takes place. Discovered by J.C.A. Peltier in 1834, this phenomenon involves the heating or cooling of the junction of two thermoelectric materials by passing current through the junction. During operation, direct current flows through the thermoelectric device causing heat to be transferred from one side to the other, creating a cold and hot side. (If the direction of the current is reversed. the cold and hot sides are changed.)
By combining several semi-conductors in series, a single-stage module is created . A typical device measures about four square centimeters (0.62 square inches) of surface area with a thickness of little more than 0.25 centimeter (0.1 inch). Because the hot side of the thermoelectric device receives the heat absorbed at the cold side plus the heat due to the input power to the device. a heat sink is required to transfer the heat away. A typical heat sink is 10 by 10 by 4 centimeters (about 4 by 4 by 1.5 inches).
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